猫茶 发表于 2021-6-19 13:28

对高血压爱搭不理?小心主动脉夹层找上你!

<p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><br/></p><p><section style="white-space: normal;"><section><section data-color="#b6e4fd" data-custom="#b6e4fd" style=""><section hm_fix="413:404" style="margin: 1em;padding: 1.5em;height: auto;overflow: hidden;box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 0px 0px 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-width="100%" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;"></section><section data-width="100%" style="margin-top: 2em;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;width: 100%;"><section data-width="100%" style="width: 100%;font-size: 3em;color: rgb(5, 115, 175);line-height: 1em;font-family: arial;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 34);"><strong>“</strong></span></section><p style="margin-top: -1.5em;font-size: 1em;color: rgb(5, 115, 175);line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 34);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 湖南人总喜欢早上嗦碗热气腾腾的米粉,我特别喜欢在离家不远处的一家米粉店,老板是个40多岁的哥哥,因为经常去所以也特别熟络,老板和老板娘俩人经营一家粉店营生,家里有四个老人和两个孩子,俩人起早贪黑,好在米粉好吃,而且俩人实在,所以生意很好,每次都要排队等待。总以为这样的一个家庭虽然不是大富大贵,至少还是温饱有余的。可就在昨天,离上次去嗦粉仅隔了1周,进入店子后看到店子里完全不是往日的热闹非凡,里面冷冷清清,到处乱七八糟,老板娘坐在桌边抹泪,边上放在“店铺转让”......</span><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 34);">一问才知道,老板因为“主动脉夹层”送入医院虽然做了手术,但最终还是离世了。原来老板一直有高血压,只是自己没有不舒服就没有好好吃药,这次起病到手术到离世,总共也没有一天时间。我的心情异常沉重,一方面我为米粉哥哥感到惋惜,同时也为这一家老小以后的生活担忧,家里的顶梁柱倒了,留下这一堆老幼妇孺该怎么办?另一方面我感到愧疚,我经常去他家店里嗦粉,从来不知道他看似如此健康的一个人竟然患有高血压,如果早知道,我一定劝他好好检查好好服药……但是逝者已矣,我不能再改变什么,但是我可以做到的是将这样惨痛的经历记录下来,避免未来有更多的人更多的家庭遭受此等灭顶之灾。</span></span></p><section data-width="100%" style="width: 100%;font-size: 3em;color: rgb(5, 115, 175);text-align: right;line-height: 1em;font-family: arial;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 33, 34);"><strong>”</strong></span></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-indent: 32px;line-height: 1.75em;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;"><section style="text-indent: 0em;line-height: normal;"><br/></section></section><section data-color="#b6e4fd" data-custom="#b6e4fd"><section hm_fix="413:404"><section><section><section><section><section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="30653"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section data-width="60%" style="width: 60%;height: 10px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);border-right: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section><section style="margin-top: -10px;padding: 11px 10px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;"></p></section><section data-width="60%" style="margin-top: -10px;width: 60%;height: 10px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);border-right: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section data-autoskip="1"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="20382"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="margin-right: 5px;margin-bottom: -2.25em;background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><section style="padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(228, 51, 38);"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">高血压病是目前健康危害的主要杀手</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;">,在全球范围内,每年约有1040万人死于高血压。在我国,2016年国家卫生计生委发布的数据显示:我国18岁及以上的成人高血压患病率为25.2%。全国因血压升高所致的过早死亡人数高达200余万,每年直接医疗费用达366亿。而主动脉夹层是最常见的主动脉疾病之一,年发病率为5/10万至10/10万,病死率约1.5/10万,男女发病率比例为2.5:1.常见于45-70岁人群,发病年龄男性平均为69岁,女性76岁。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;width: 2.25em;height: 2.25em;border-right: 5px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="30653"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section data-width="60%" style="width: 60%;height: 10px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);border-right: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section><section style="margin-top: -10px;padding: 11px 10px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;"></p></section><section data-width="60%" style="margin-top: -10px;width: 60%;height: 10px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);border-right: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section data-autoskip="1"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="20382"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="margin-right: 5px;margin-bottom: -2.25em;background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><section style="padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(228, 51, 38);"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">主动脉夹层、肺栓塞、急性心肌梗死被称为“胸痛三联征”,足见主动脉夹层的危害性之大</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;">。主动脉夹层是指由于多种自身或外界因素使主动脉内膜发生急性损伤,高速血流由撕裂接口进入主动脉内膜与中膜之间,从而形成一个假腔,随着血流的不断流入,假腔就会沿着主动脉纵轴快速延伸,严重者可进展到腹主动脉及髂总动脉,随着血液的灌入假腔内压力逐渐增加,最终会导致主动脉壁破裂,急性主动脉夹层是一种病情危重、发展迅速、病死率高的以胸背部剧烈疼痛伴双侧肢体血液不对称为主要表现的主动脉疾病,约70%内膜撕裂口位于升主动脉,20%位于降主动脉,10%发生于主动脉弓部三大血管分支处。若未及时救治,急性主动脉夹层发生后48h内病死率高达50%-68%,3个月内病死率可高达90%。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">主动脉夹层的发生与血压密切相关,我国80%以上的主动脉夹层患者有高血压病史</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;">。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;width: 2.25em;height: 2.25em;border-right: 5px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="30653"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section data-width="60%" style="width: 60%;height: 10px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);border-right: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section><section style="margin-top: -10px;padding: 11px 10px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;"></p></section><section data-width="60%" style="margin-top: -10px;width: 60%;height: 10px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);border-right: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section><section><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;高血压引起主动脉夹层的机制主要有以下</span><span style="">几个方面</span><span style="">:</span></p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section data-autoskip="1"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="20382"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="margin-right: 5px;margin-bottom: -2.25em;background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><section style="padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(228, 51, 38);"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (1)</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">血流动力学变化</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">:血压增高时血流对血管壁产生的横向切应力会增加,长期作用会使主动脉内膜中层结构破坏,血压异常升高可导致主动脉壁内不同纤维成分的形态和比例发生变化,致使主动脉僵硬度增加,易诱发血管内膜撕裂而导致主动脉夹层的发生。纵向切应力的增加容易使主动脉分层,使内膜结构发生破坏,从而导致该病的发生。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(2)</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">组织学变化</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">:高血压时血液中的血管紧张素水平升高,引起血管内膜病变,血管平滑肌细胞可以发生自身重建,从而适应血压的变化,主要表现为平滑肌细胞的增生/增殖。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(3)</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">分子学变化</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">:主动脉中层黏液变性、心脏搏动引起主动脉的移动,左心室射血对主动脉的应力作用等外界因素可以通过改变主动脉细胞外基质的结构和功能使内膜撕裂,从而发生主动脉夹层。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;width: 2.25em;height: 2.25em;border-right: 5px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="30653"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="display: inline-block;"><section data-width="60%" style="width: 60%;height: 10px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);border-right: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section><section style="margin-top: -10px;padding: 11px 10px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;"></p></section><section data-width="60%" style="margin-top: -10px;width: 60%;height: 10px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);border-right: 1px solid rgb(228, 51, 38);box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></section></section></section></section><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;主动脉夹层</span><span style="">首选治疗</span><span style="">为主动脉腔内修复术,必要时可能需要血管置换,那么主动脉夹层患者对</span><span style="">血压的要求</span><span style="">是怎么样的呢?优先选择哪一类</span><span style="">降压药物</span><span style="">呢?</span></p></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section data-autoskip="1"><section data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="20382"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="margin-right: 5px;margin-bottom: -2.25em;background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><section style="padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(228, 51, 38);"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 76, 65);">主动脉疾病诊治指南(2014版)指出</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;">:主动脉夹层急性期血压应控制收缩压110-120mmHg(需除外主动脉瓣反流)左右,慢性期血压应控制在140/90mmHg以下。β受体阻滞剂是主动脉夹层最常用的降压药物,急性期如果单用此类药物血压不理想可加用血管扩张剂,最常用的是硝普钠,但不单用硝普钠,因为硝普钠会增强左室收缩力,并发马凡氏综合征的患者使用ACEI抑制剂或ARB类药物可进一步减轻主动脉扩张的速度,减少并发症的发生。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto; width: 2.25em; height: 2.25em; border-right: 5px solid rgb(228, 51, 38); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(228, 51, 38); box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><br/></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></p><p style="white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"></p><p><section style="white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style=""><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="padding-left: 11px;display: inline-block;width: 676.997px;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 666.005px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(7, 48, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><section><section style="margin-top: 10px;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(-8px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-8px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-8px, 0px, 0px);-ms-transform: translate3d(-8px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-8px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;flex: 0 0 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;"><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 45px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;"><section style="text-align: center;"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7.8267px;height: auto;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 1.5 8.7" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" width="100%" data-width="100%"><g><path d="M1.5,0.2C0.8,0.2,0.2,0.6,0.2,1v6.2C0.5,6.9,1,6.8,1.5,6.8V0.2z" fill="rgb(255,255,255)"></path></g><g><path d="M0.2,7.7H0V1c0-0.5,0.7-1,1.5-1v0.2C0.8,0.2,0.2,0.6,0.2,1v6.2C0.5,6.9,1,6.8,1.5,6.8V7C0.8,7,0.2,7.3,0.2,7.7   z" fill="rgb(7,48,196)"></path></g><g><path d="M1.5,8.7C0.7,8.7,0,8.3,0,7.7s0.7-0.9,1.5-0.9V7C0.8,7,0.2,7.3,0.2,7.7s0.6,0.7,1.3,0.7V8.7z" fill="rgb(7,48,196)"></path></g><g><path d="M1.5,7C0.8,7,0.2,7.3,0.2,7.7s0.6,0.7,1.3,0.7V7z" fill="#5f9cef"></path></g></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-left: -1px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="padding-right: 20px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;height: 36px;width: auto;min-width: 10%;border-width: 1px;border-bottom-right-radius: 100px;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: rgb(7, 48, 196) rgb(7, 48, 196) rgb(7, 48, 196) rgb(138, 50, 222);border-top-right-radius: 100px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(7, 48, 196);text-align: center;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2.2;"><p><strong>联系方式</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="padding-right: 20px;padding-left: 20px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 2em;">1、咨询株洲恺德心血管病医院订阅号<strong><span style="color: rgb(7, 48, 196);">在线客服;</span></strong><br/>2、咨询电话:<strong><span style="color: rgb(7, 48, 196);">0731-28265873</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 2em;">3、联系地址:株洲恺德心血管病医院<span style="color: rgb(7, 48, 196);"><strong>第三住院大楼2楼(心血管内三科)</strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style=""><section style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 12px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(7, 48, 196);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin-top: 3px;border-top: 4px solid rgb(7, 48, 196);line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><p><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">文案:刘平平</span></p></section></section><p style="text-align: center;"><br/></p></section></section></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//bbs.zhuzhou.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_sUq" id="wcn_editor_css"/>
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